Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) is a significant concern in poultry farming, primarily caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), a bacterium that leads to respiratory inflammation. CRD can also be exacerbated by viral infections and environmental factors, leading to reduced productivity, growth, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Symptoms of CRD include nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing, labored breathing, and swollen sinuses. In broilers, it results in slower growth, poor feed conversion, and higher veterinary costs, while in laying hens, it can reduce egg production and quality.
Effective prevention and management of CRD rely on a combination of strategies. Biosecurity is essential to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens. This includes isolating new birds, controlling access to poultry houses, and managing pests. Vaccination plays a role in controlling other respiratory diseases like Newcastle disease and avian influenza, though there is no vaccine for MG. Regular vaccinations help reduce the overall respiratory disease burden.
Environmental management is also crucial. Maintaining good ventilation, controlling humidity, managing dust levels, and ensuring temperature control all help reduce stress on the birds and minimize respiratory problems. Nutrition should support immune health, and minimizing stress through proper handling and stocking densities further aids in preventing disease.
Lastly, early detection of symptoms and timely treatment with antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs can mitigate the impact of CRD. By addressing these factors—biosecurity, vaccination, environmental control, and stress management—poultry farmers can significantly reduce the incidence of CRD and protect their flocks, leading to healthier birds and more profitable operations.